[Comparative study of purgative pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Moringa oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma].

Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their "Virechana"(purgative) effect in Ayurvedic medicine in India. This study compared the purgative effects and mechanisms of M. oleifera leaves with the reference Rhei Radix et Rhizoma to establish a foundation for the further application of M. oleifera leaves in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study identified the material basis, common targets, and signaling pathways through which Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and M. oleifera leaves exerted their purgative pharmacological effects. A low-fiber diet-induced constipation mouse model was established to measure fecal parameters and small intestinal propulsion rate, and histological changes in the colon were observed using HE staining. Relative expression levels of relevant genes and target proteins were assessed using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results showed that mapping the targets of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and M. oleifera leaves onto the biological process network of constipation revealed close proximity, indicating that they may exert their therapeutic effects on constipation through similar biological processes. Molecular docking results indicated that compounds such as sennoside C and isoquercitrin could target serine/threonine protein kinases(AKT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), thereby affecting MAPK and calcium signaling pathways to promote defecation. Animal experiments demonstrated that both M. oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma increased the number of fecal pellets and water content in constipated mice, improved small intestine motility, colon mucosal thickness, and muscle layer thickness, upregulated the gene expression levels of AKT1 and MAPK3 in the colon, and downregulated the expression of AQP3 protein. These findings suggest that M. oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma share similarities in their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms for treating constipation. Using Rhei Radix et Rhizoma as a reference can provide a better understanding of the characteristics of the "Virechana"(purgative) effect of M. oleifera leaves in TCM.

[Research progress in pathogenesis and traditional Chinese medicines treatment of ischemic stroke-related headache].

Headache is a common clinical complication of ischemic stroke. As a precursor of stroke, headache occurs repeatedly in the convalescent period of ischemic stroke, leading to secondary stroke and seriously hindering patients' rehabilitation. Currently, it is believed that the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke-related headache is associated with the abnormal release of vasoactive substances, high platelet aggregation, and stimulation of intracranial pain-sensitive structures. The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with the effects of activating blood to resolve stasis and clearing heat to release exterior can protect brain tissue and relieve headache by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines, alleviating antioxidant stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and so on. This paper introduces the research progress in the potential mechanism and TCM treatment of ischemic stroke-related headache, aiming to provide reference for further research and drug development of this complication.

[Traditional application and modern research progress on new foreign medicinal resources].

Chinese medicinal resources are the material basis for the survival and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and the sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources is also an important project for the modernization of TCM in China. With the increasing demand for Chinese medicinal resources in China, over-exploitation has destroyed Chinese medicinal resources, resulting in a shortage of many natural medicinal resources in China and making the sustainable development of TCM in trouble. The introduced new foreign medicinal resources have become effective supplement and replacement for Chinese medicinal resources to some extent. However, the development and utilization of new foreign medicinal resources in China are different. To fully understand the development of new foreign medicinal resources in China, this paper, taking 43 new foreign medicinal resources such as Acacia nilotica as objects, sorted out the introduction forms and policies of new foreign medicinal resources, overviewed its current development status in China, summarized the application experience of new foreign medicinal resources in the place of origin, as well as the research progress and problems of new foreign medicinal resources in China and abroad, and analyzed the research situation, which can enrich Chinese medicinal resources and other uses, promote the sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources, and provide ideas for further development and research of new foreign medicinal resources.

[Formation and development of "Xiang thinking" in traditional Chinese medicine].

"Xiang thinking" is the main thinking mode in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with both philosophical and scientific connotations, and has an important influence on the emergence and development of TCM. This study systematically expounded the philosophical connotation and characteristics of "Xiang thinking", and its application in the construction of TCM theory, clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, the formation of medicinal properties, and interpretation of efficacy of Chinese medicine. "Xiang thinking" in TCM develops and changes continuously with practical application, and its historical evolution can be summarized into three stages, i.e., "Ying Xiang(corresponding to Xiang)" "Fa Xiang(following Xiang)", and "Bian Xiang(differentiating Xiang)". The understanding of Xiang is based on the means and methods of human observation of things and the backgrounds of the philosophy, science, and development. The result of comparison depends on the depth and breadth of Xiang. In the real world, Xiang is showing new construction characteristics with multiple dimensions and levels. Therefore, this study proposed the thinking of "Bian Xiang", which is expected to provide a thinking approach that can realize the transformation from "Xiang thinking" to scientific research for the exploration and innovative research on life origin in the field of contemporary and TCM.

[Simultaneous determination of glucosinolates and flavonoids in leaves of Moringa oleifera by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS)].

To establish a method for simultaneously determining the content of four glucosinolates and five flavonoids in leaves of Moringa oleifera via quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker(QAMS) and verify the feasibility and applicability of the established method. The glucosinolates and flavonoids were analyzed via Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T_3 column(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm). The gradient elution was carried out with the mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile and 0.3% formic acid at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature of 40 ℃. The wavelengths for the detection of glucosinolates and flavonoids were 225 nm and 260 nm, respectively. With 4-O-(α-L-rhamnoyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate and vecenin-2 as internal reference substances, the relative correction factors of four glucosinolates and five flavonoids were respectively calculated for determining the content of the 9 ingredients in leaves of M. oleifera. To verify the accuracy and feasibility of QAMS, we used internal standard method(ISM) and external standard method(ESM) to determine the content of glucosinolates and flavonoids, respectively. The t-test results showed that there was no significant difference in the content of glucosinolates obtained by ISM and QAMS methods or in the content of flavonoids obtained by ESM and QAMS methods. The content of glucosinolates and flavonoids varied among M. oleifera of different varieties and from different producing areas. The total glucosinolates and total flavonoids had the highest content in the Indian variety while the lowest content in the variety ■Honghe No. 1'. The established QAMS method is rapid, simple and accurate and can be used for simultaneous determination of glucosinolates and flavonoids in the leaves of M. oleifera. This study provides experimental data for the quality control and utilization of M. oleifera leaves.

Schisandra chinensis Oil Attenuates Aristolochic Acid I-Induced Nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis oil (SCEO) against aristolochic acid I (AA I)-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to a random number table, including control group, AA I group, and AA I +SCEO (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) groups (n=5 per group). Pretreatment with SCEO was done for 2 days by oral administration, while the control and AA I groups were treated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Mice of all groups except for the control group were injected intraperitoneally with AA I (5 mg/kg) from day 3 until day 7. Histopathological examination and apoptosis of kidney tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr), as well as renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A2, and nad(p)hquinonedehydrogenase1 (NQO1) were analyzed using ELISA, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. In vitro, SCEO (40 µ g/mL) was added 12 h before treatment with AA I (40 µ mol/mL for 48 h) in human renal proximal tubule cell line (HK-2), then apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: SCEO 0.5 and 1 g/kg ameliorated histopathological changes and TUNEL+ staining in the kidney tissues of mice with AA I-induced nephrotoxicity, and reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, BUN and SCr (P<0.01 or P<0.05). SCEO 0.5 and 1 g/kg alleviated the ROS generation in kidney, containing MDA, GSH and SOD (P<0.01 or P<0.05). SCEO 1 g/kg increased the expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and decreased NQO1 level in the liver tissues (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Besides, in vitro studies also demonstrated that SCEO 40 µ g/mL inhibited apoptosis and ROS generation (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SCEO can alleviate AA I-induced kidney damage both in vivo and in vitro. The protective mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of metabolic enzymes, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and ROS production.

[Effect of acupuncture on retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with optic atrophy].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field, retinal and choroidal thickness on optic disc and macular area in patients with optic atrophy. METHODS: A total of 33 patients with optic atrophy were treated with acupuncture. Acupuncture was given at Chengqi (ST 1), Shangjingming (Extra), Qiuhou (EX-HN 7) and Fengchi (GB 20) etc., 30 min each time, once a day, for 14 days. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field indexes (mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation [PSD] and visual field index [VFI]), optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular retinal thickness and choroidal thickness of optic disc and sub-foveal were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the visual acuity was increased (P<0.05), the MD value was decreased (P<0.05), the thickness of nerve fiber layer on the upper temporal side of optic disc was thinner (P<0.05), and the choroidal thickness of average, nasal side and lower temporal side of optic disc was increased (P<0.05). There was significant correlation between visual field MD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in different quadrants before and after treatment (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture could improve visual acuity, increase choroidal thickness in part of optic disc area in patients with optic atrophy.

[History and application of foreign medicinal resources serving healthcare industry].

Foreign medicinal resources have always been an important part of Chinese medicine and have made great contributions to the development of the Chinese medical and health industry. Since the opening of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, foreign medicinal resources have been introduced for different purposes, some of which have become Chinese medicine in clinical practice and are still in use today.Today, foreign medicinal resources also serve the Big Health industry in China. They are introduced and applied to the fields in the Big Health industry, such as food, cosmetics, health products, decoction pieces, and daily chemical products. With the integration and development of the "Healthy China" initiative, more foreign resources will enter the Big Health industry. This paper retrospectedthe history of foreign medicinal resources serving the ancient medical and health industry, reviewedits current development under the Big Health industry, summarizedthe experience of foreign medicinal resources serving the ancient medical and health industry, as well as the development and problems of new foreign medicinal resources, and put forward some suggestions to provide ideas for the development and application of foreign medicinal resources under the Big Health industry.

[Strategies for efficacy and function positioning of new resources of Chinese materia medica].

Chinese materia medica( CMM) serves as an important cornerstone for the development of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) culture and industry due to its unique ecological,medical,economic,scientific and technological,and cultural values. The supply shortage and unstable quality of some CMM resources have hindered the development of TCM. Ensuring the sustainable use of CMM resources has become essential for the development of TCM in China. Enriching CMM resources is the key to ensuring the sustainable utilization of TCM resources in China,which can be achieved via expanding the medicinal parts,developing the substitutes,seeking for analogues,exploring the ethnic and folk medicines,or introducing foreign medicinal materials. CMM efficacy or function positioning plays a very important role in the transformation of new CMM resources. The strategies and methods for efficacy or function positioning of new CMM resources,including analogy,plant genetic relationship exploration,medicinal property deduction,ethnobotanical investigation,text mining,network pharmacology,and structure-activity relationship exploration,were systematically proposed in this study based on CMM theory,textual research,and modern methodologies. This paper is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the continuous enrichment and development of CMM resources and the high-quality development of TCM culture and industry.

[Efficacy and mechanism of new resource medicinal materia Moringa oleifera leaves against hyperlipidemia].

High fat diet induced hyperlipidemia hamster model was used to explore the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of water extract of Moringa oleifera leaves( WEMOL). On this basis,the possible action mechanism was predicted by network pharmacology. Golden hamsters were randomly divided into normal diet group( NFD),high-fat diet group( HFD),simvastatin group,high dose group of WEMOL( HIWEMOL) and low dose group of WEMOL( LOWEMOL). The model was administered simultaneously for 66 days,during which the body weight changes of hamsters were recorded. At the end of the experiment,serum lipid level and serum transaminase level of golden hamsters in each group were detected,and the pathological changes of liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin( HE) staining. The results showed that WEMOL could significantly decrease the serum total cholesterol( TC),total triglyceride( TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-c) levels,and reduce the lipid deposition in liver tissue,thus improving the hyperlipidemia of golden hamsters. According to the prediction of network pharmacology,219 targets of potential active components of M.oleifera leaves and 185 targets of water-soluble potential active components of M. oleifera leaves for the treatment of hyperlipidemia were obtained separately. The MCODE analysis was performed on the PPI network of 219 targets and 185 targets obtained above and got five and four clusters respectively. The signaling pathway analysis of clusters showed that among the common pathways,nonalcoholic fatty liver,insulin resistance,MAPK signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,cell apoptosis and HIF-1 signaling pathway were associated with hyperlipidemia. In addition,the potential active components of M. oleifera leaves could also inhibit the metabolic inflammation of hyperlipidemia by modulating complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway,and GSK3 B,F2,AKT1,RELA,SERPINE1 might be the key targets. The water-soluble potential active components of M. oliefera leaves could modulate lipid metabolism by modulating AMPK signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway,with PIK3 CB,PIK3 CA,CASP3,AKT1 and BCL2 as the key targets. These results suggested that WEMOL had anti hyperlipidemia effect,and its mechanism might be related to the protein expression regulation of lipid metabolism,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis related signaling pathways.

[Study on potential molecular mechanism of Mongolian medicine Bawei Sanxiang San in treatment of chronic heart failure based on network pharmacology and molecular docking].

To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Mongolian medicine Bawei Sanxiang San in the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF) through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The active ingredients and potential targets of Bawei Sanxiang San were collected by applying TCMSP, BATMAN databases and literature mining. CHF-related genes were collected through TTD, GeneCards and CTD databases. After the potential common targets between Bawei Sanxiang San and CHF were disco-vered, the interaction network diagram of "compound-target-pathway" was constructed using Cytoscape. The intersecting targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the Autodock_vina software was used to molecularly dock the selected proteins with the active ingredients of Bawei Sanxiang San. The results showed that there were 60 active ingredients in Bawei Sanxiang San that might be used to treat CHF, involving 311 target genes and 7 signaling pathways that directly related to CHF, such as HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, renin secretion. Additionally, molecular docking showed that the bioactive compounds had good binding activity with the protein receptors of key target genes. Bawei Sanxiang San might exert therapeutic effects on CHF by regulating cardiomyocytes, angiogenic and inflammation related targets and pathways in a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway manner.

The study of Yangyinyiqi mixture anti bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis on rats by intervening matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metallopreoteinases-1 / El estudio de la mezcla Yangyinyiqi en fibrosis pulmonar inducida por anti-bleomicina en ratas por intervención en la matriz metaloproteinasa-9 e inhibidores de tejido de matriz metaloproteinasa-1

To investigate effectsof Yangyinyiqi Mixture on pulmonary fibrosis caused by bleomycin. SD ratswere divided randomly into: model group(distilled water,1 mL·0.1 kg-1), dexamethasone acetate group (dexamethasone acetate, the dosage was reduced gradually), low-dose group (Yangyinyiqi Mixture, 11 g·kg-1), moderate-dose group (Yangyinyiqi Mixture, 22 g·kg-1), high-dose group (Yangyinyiqi Mixture, 44 g·kg-1) and control group (distilled water, 1 mL·0.1 kg-1). Yangyinyiqi Mixture and dexamethasone acetate were intragastrically administrated. Lung tissue was collected for histopathological examination. Compared with control group, collagen markedly increased and HYP content significantly increased on 7th day in model group (p<0.01). On 28th day, collagen was diffusely deposited, alveolar was destroyed, and HYP content significantly increased (p<0.01). Compared with model group, bleomycin-induced suffering injury caused MMP-9 expression levels to rapidly increase (7and 14 days, p<0.01). TIMP-1 markedly increased (7and 14 days, p<0.01) and stayed at a high level to28th day. Yangyinyiqi Mixture exerted an effect against pulmonary fibrosis, which could involved prevention of collagen deposition through inhibitingMMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression.

El trabajo investiga los efectos de la mezcla Yangyinyiqi sobre la fibrosis pulmonary causada por bleomicina. Ratas SD se dividieron aleatoriamente en: grupo modelo (agua destilada, 1 mL·0.1 kg-1), grupo acetate de dexametasona (acetate de dexametasona, la dosis se redujo gradualmente), grupo de dosis baja (mezcla Yangyinyiqi, 11 g·kg-1), grupo de dosis moderada (mezcla Yangyinyiqi, 22 g·kg-1), grupo de dosis alta (mezcla Yangyinyiqi, 44 g·kg-1) y grupo control (agua destilada, 1 Ml·0.1 kg-1). La mezcla de Yangyinyiqi y el acetate de dexametasona se administraron por vía intragástrica. Se recolectó tejido pulmonary para examen histopatológico. En comparación con el grupo control, el colágeno aumentó notablemente y el contenido de HYP aumentó significativamente el séptimo día en el grupo modelo (p<0.01). El día 28, el colágeno se depositó difusamente, se produjo destrucción alveolar y el contenido de HYP aumento significativamente (p<0.01). En comparación con el grupo modelo, la lesión inducida por bleomicina causó que los niveles de expression de MMP-9 aumentaron rápidamente (7 y 14 días, p<0.01). TIMP-1 aumentó notablemente (7 y 14 días, p<0.01) y se mantuvo en un nivel alto hasta el día 28. La mezcla Yangyinyiqi ejerció un efecto contra la fibrosis pulmonary, lo que podría implicar la prevención del deposito de colágenio mediante la inhibición de la expression de MMP-9 y TIMP-1.

[Network pharmacology study of Yi medicine Jinweitai Capsules in treating gastrointestinal diseases].

The network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to explore the mechanism of Jinweitai Capsules in the treatment of acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis. The chemical components of herbs in Jinweitai Capsules were collected through TCMSP, CNKI and PubMed. Target prediction was performed through PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases; genes relating to acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic colitis were collected from OMIM database; potential targets of Jinweitai Capsules for relevant gastrointestinal diseases were obtained by Venny analysis; DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis; protein interactions were obtained by STRING database and visua-lized by Cytoscape; AutoDockVina was used for molecular docking of AKT1, EGFR, PTPN11 and its reverse-selected chemical components. Potential mechanisms of Jinweitai Capsules in treating relevant gastrointestinal diseases were clarified according to the results of the docking. The results showed 86 potential active ingredients of Jinweitai Capsules and 268 potential targets for treatment of acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 20 pathways relating to acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis mainly involved calcium signaling pathway and chemokine signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed a good binding activity between AKT1, EGFR, PTPN11 and its reverse screening chemical components. Jinweitai Capsules may exert an effect in the treatment of acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis by acting on AKT1, EGFR, PTPN11 and other targets in 15 signal pathways relating to cell inflammation and immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis, Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastrointestinal tract.

[Materia medica resources benefits Lancang-Mekong River:a new approach for sub-regional cooperation on traditional medicine].

Lancang-Mekong Cooperation is a new type of subregional cooperation mechanism initiated and built by China and other five countries of the Lancang-Mekong subregion, namely Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Countries in the Lancang-Mekong subregion are geographically and culturally connected, and they have nurtured their unique traditional medicine. By combing the history of traditional medicine exchanges between China and other Lancang-Mekong countries and their progress of modern research, this paper summarized the challenges and opportunities of traditional medicine cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong subregion. It has been found that many regional cooperation mechanisms coexist for a long time in the Lancang-Mekong subregion and the medicinal resources are abundant. However, the degree of their development and utilization varies, and modern scientific research is insufficient. Lancang-Mekong Cooperation has provided a strong support for integrating the advantageous resources in Lancang-Mekong subregion countries and making progress together. Focusing on the development and protection of medicinal resources, this paper puts forward a new path of cooperation in the intellectual property rights and characteristic seed resource protection, the compilation of universal herbal pharmacopoeia in various countries, the research and development of public health products, and the construction of traditional herbal industry bases, thus enabling the traditional medicine to better protect the public health and building a human health community.

[Textual research on traditional application of Moringa].

Moringa has a long history of edible and medicinal use in foreign countries, this paper collected and sorted out the traditional application of Moringa recorded in the ancient medical books and historical materials of countries and regions along the ancient Silk Road. According to preliminary research, the earliest record of Moringa in China can be traced back to The Bower Manuscript(volume Ⅱ)(about the 4 th-6 th century A.D.) unearthed in Kuqa, Xinjiang. Around the 8 th century, with the communication between countries along the ancient Silk Road becoming prosperous, more and more medical books containing Moringa and its prescriptions were introduced to Tibet, Xinjiang and other places in today's China. The leaves, root bark, seeds and stem bark of Moringa all can be used for medicinal purposes and are recorded in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India(API). Among them, Moringa leaves have been approved as a new resource food in China. According to the API, it is of cold property and sweet taste, its post-digestive effect is sweet and has the functions of removing wind, bile and fat, relieving pain, killing abdominal worms, moistening skin, brightening eyes and clearing brain. It can be used to treat edema, parasitic diseases, spleen diseases, abscess, tumor, pharyngeal swelling and other diseases. This study explored and organized the historical evidence of communication through the Silk Road and traditional application records of Moringa, in order to provide the evidence of traditional medicine basis, medicine property and efficacy application reference for the realization of the introduction of Moringa as a new resource of traditional Chinese medicine.

[Intervention mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Yin on cytokine storm based on network pharmacology].

The aim of this paper was to explore the intervention mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Yin in cytokine storm based on network pharmacology. TCMSP and TCMIP V2.0 server were used to predict all chemical components and action targets of Qingwen Baidu Yin. Diseases that could be treated by Qingwen Baidu Yin were predicted through Enrichr database. A compound target interaction(PPI) network diagram was constructed using STRING 11.0. OmicShare was used to analyzed the gene ontology(GO) enrichment and enrichment of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway of core targets. Component-target-path network diagram was constructed with Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. After analysis of the database, 267 compounds were screened for Qingwen Baidu Yin, involving 1 450 targets, and a protein interaction network was constructed. Total 219 core target proteins were predicted, such as NFKB1, STAT1, RAF1, IL2, JAK1, IL6, TNF, BCL2 and other important targets, and 221 core target pathways were enriched, including cancer pathway, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus infection, chemokine signal pathway, PI3 K-AKT signal pathway, EB virus infection, virus carcinogenesis and T cell receptor signaling pathways, a collection of which were highly related to cytokine storms. GO annotation analysis suggested that Qingwen Baidu Yin Decoction may exert therapeutic effects by regulating protein phosphorylation, cell response to cytokine stimulation, cell proliferation, inflammatory response, transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. This study revealed potential active components of Qingwen Baidu Yin in defending against cytokine storm and its possible mechanism of action, and provided theoretical basis and technical support for further clinical application of this prescription.

[Usage of ethnomedicine on COVID-19 in China].

In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which caused the spread of infectious pneumonia to a certain extent in China and neighboring countries and regions, and triggered the epidemic crisis. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease listed as a B infectious disease, which is managed according to standards for A infectious disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic. China's ethnomedicine has recognized infectious diseases since ancient times, and formed a medical system including theory, therapies, formula and herbal medicines for such diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou have issued the prevention and control programs for COVID-19 using Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Miao medicines. These programs reflect the wisdom of ethnomedicine in preventing and treating diseases, which have successfully extracted prescriptions and preventive measures for the outbreak of the epidemic from their own medical theories and traditional experiences. In this paper, we summarized and explained the prescriptions and medicinal materials of ethnomedicine in these programs, and the origin of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and Mongolian medicine prescriptions in ancient books were studied. These become the common characteristics of medical prevention and treatment programs for ethnomedicine to formulate therapeutic programs under the guidance of traditional medicine theories, recommend prescriptions and prevention and treatment methods with characteristics of ethnomedicine, and focus on the conve-nience and standardization. However, strengthening the support of science and technology and the popularization to the public, and improving the participation of ethnomedicine in national public health services and the capacity-building to deal with sudden and critical diseases are key contents in the development of ethnomedicine in the future.

[Functional orientation of Moringa leaves based on text mining and molecular docking technology].

A new method on functional orientation of Moringa leaves based on text mining and molecular docking was explored in the study. First, PubMedplus was used to analyze research data on Moringa leaves collected in PubMed and the indications of Moringa leaves were screened along with the hotspots and development tendency of Moringa leaves. Second, Arrowsmith was used to obtain the biological targets of Moringa leaves. Third, active candidate components of Moringa leaves were filtered by SwissADME analyzing on chemical data collected from literatures. Subsequently, molecular docking between active candidate component and target was studied by systemsDock to forecast the potential active components and their possible effective targets, and GO functional annotation of the potential targets was performed by DAVID database. According to the results, tumor, diabetes and digestive diseases were suggested to be indications of Moringa leaves, correlated with 25 active components and 12 potential effective targets possibly by adjusting G protein-coupled receptor and affecting on inflammatory reaction. The new method on functional orientation by combining text mining with molecular docking was successfully practiced on Moringa leaves as a case study,which provides a useful reference for the ultilization of foreign medicinal resource.

[Research progress on chemical constituents of Citrullus colocynthis and their pharmacological effects].

Citrullus colocynthis is widely distributed in the desert regions of the world. C. colocynthis has shown to improve constipation, liver diseases, jaundice, typhoid fever, diabetes and asthma in traditional use. As a kind of exterritorialy medicinal material, C. colocynthis has been used in China and introduced successfully. The main active ingredients of C. colocynthis are cucurbitacin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids, which have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-pathogenic microorganisms and anti-cancer activities in modern pharmacological research. This paper reviews the traditional application, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of C. colocynthis, and provides reference for the in-depth study for the efficacy and mechanism of different components of C. colocynthis.

Research progress on effective components of Chinese materia medica in regulating autophagy / 中国中药杂志

Autophagy is a highly conservative and multi-component activated energy metabolism and self-renewal mechanism, which plays a crucial regulatory role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells and is involved in various pathological processes. In recent years, the mechanism study has made great progress in regulating autophagy with effective components of Chinese materia medica(CMM),which are reported to prevent and treat cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic and immune-related diseases. This review outlines the molecular regulation mechanisms of cell autophagy with CMM components in controlling the above-mentioned diseases. There are many relevant reports on the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in tumor and cardiovascular cells with CMM monomers. The main chemical structural types are alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenes. And m-TOR pathway is the main mechanism relating to the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy with CMM. Therefore, the regulatory mec-hanisms of cell autophagy become a new research targeting strategy of therapies with CMM. This review provides evidences for the effectiveness and scientificity of CMM in regulating autophagy, in the expectation of providing references for the in-depth studies of CMM in the field of autophagy and the development of natural autophagy regulators.